You now know how to look at a dataset, find its center, measure its spread, map its probability, and prove whether a change is statistically significant. You have learned the exact mathematical frameworks that power A/B testing, clinical trials, and business analytics worldwide.
Before you graduate from the core statistics curriculum, take this final 6-question quiz to lock in the rules of Hypothesis Testing.
Click on your answers below to see how you did!
1. In a hypothesis test, what does the Null Hypothesis generally state?
2. You run an A/B test and get a P-Value of 0.01 (1%) with an Alpha set to 0.05. What is the correct verdict?
3. What does it actually mean to be “95% confident” in a Confidence Interval?
4. Why does a Two-Sample T-Test calculate the variance (the noise) of the groups in addition to the difference in their means (the signal)?
5. Why should you use ANOVA instead of running multiple separate T-Tests when comparing four different marketing campaigns?
6. Which scenario is the perfect use case for a Chi-Square Test?
🎉 Curriculum Complete!
You have mastered the foundational concepts of statistics and data science. From defining data types to proving hypotheses with complex statistical models, you are now equipped to make truly data-driven decisions.
Contains information related to marketing campaigns of the user. These are shared with Google AdWords / Google Ads when the Google Ads and Google Analytics accounts are linked together.
90 days
__utma
ID used to identify users and sessions
2 years after last activity
__utmt
Used to monitor number of Google Analytics server requests
10 minutes
__utmb
Used to distinguish new sessions and visits. This cookie is set when the GA.js javascript library is loaded and there is no existing __utmb cookie. The cookie is updated every time data is sent to the Google Analytics server.
30 minutes after last activity
__utmc
Used only with old Urchin versions of Google Analytics and not with GA.js. Was used to distinguish between new sessions and visits at the end of a session.
End of session (browser)
__utmz
Contains information about the traffic source or campaign that directed user to the website. The cookie is set when the GA.js javascript is loaded and updated when data is sent to the Google Anaytics server
6 months after last activity
__utmv
Contains custom information set by the web developer via the _setCustomVar method in Google Analytics. This cookie is updated every time new data is sent to the Google Analytics server.
2 years after last activity
__utmx
Used to determine whether a user is included in an A / B or Multivariate test.
18 months
_ga
ID used to identify users
2 years
_gali
Used by Google Analytics to determine which links on a page are being clicked
30 seconds
_ga_
ID used to identify users
2 years
_gid
ID used to identify users for 24 hours after last activity
24 hours
_gat
Used to monitor number of Google Analytics server requests when using Google Tag Manager
